2013关注考研英语阅读基础训练及答案

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2013关注考研英语阅读基础训练及答案

 第 1 页：Unit One

第 3 页：Unit Two

第 6 页：Unit Three

第 8 页：Unit Four

Unit one

Text 1

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.

The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

26. There is an increasing demand for ________.

[A] all round people in their own fields

[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work

[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional(B)

[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

27. The specialist is ________.

[A] a man whose job is to train other people

[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields

[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees(D)

[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

28. The administrator is ________.

[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist

[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest

[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities(C)

[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist

29. During your training period, it is important ________.

[A] to try to be a generalist

[B] to choose a profitable job

[C] to find an organization which fits you(D)

[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

30. A man’s first job ________.

[A] is never the right job for him

[B] should not be regarded as his final job

[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job(B)

[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

Unit two

Text 1

For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.

The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.

Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.

The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

11. People expect that ________.

[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters

[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing

[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future(B)

[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today

12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top

[B] a rotating device topside

[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end(B)

[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?

[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.

[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.

[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.(D)

[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.

14. How has the use of helicopters developed?

[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.

[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.

[C] They are used for rescue work.(A)

[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?

[A] For overseas passenger transportation.

[B] For extremely high altitude flights.

[C] For high-speed transportation.(D)

[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.

Unit four

Test 1

A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”

If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.

“Why don’t they get in touch with us, then? Why don’t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.

In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.

“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don’t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”

Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we’re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ‘hello’.”

Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.

Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? Are they watching our progress in space travel? Do we live in a gigantic “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?

Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.

16. People who ask the question “Why don’t they get in touch with us... and declare themselves?” think that ________.

[A] there are no such things as UFOs

[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system

[C] there’s no reason for UFOs sooner or later(A)

[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later

17. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one of ________.

[A] unfriendliness

[B] suspicion

[C] superiority(B)

[D] hostility

18. The tone of the writer is that of ________.

[A] doubt

[B] warning

[C] indifference(D)

[D] criticism

Test 3

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prison-camp during the War. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?

Older people, tired and irritable from a day’s work, are not angels, either -- far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won’t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.

22. From what you have read, would you expect manners to improve among people ________?

[A] who are physically weak or crippled

[B] who once lived in a prison-camp during the War

[C] who live in big modern cities(C)

[D] who live only in metropolitan cities

23. What is the writer’s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?

[A] Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.

[B] It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women.

[C] “Lady First” should be universally practiced.(D)

[D] Special consideration ought to be shown them.

24. According to the author communication between human beings would be smoother if ________.

[A] people were more considerate towards each other

[B] people were not so tired and irritable

[C] women were treated with more courtesy(A)

[D] public transport could be improved

25. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraph?

[A] worsening of general situation

[B] lowering of moral standards

[C] declining of physical constitution(B)

[D] spreading of evil conduct

16. [A]17. [B]18. [D]19. [C]20. [D]

21. [A]22. [C]23. [D]24. [A]25. [B]